as far as i know, VIA is the only company making PC CPUs that compete against Intel & AMD, but their niche is in making CPUs that generate less heat so they don't require loud fans, rather than trying to outperform Intel & AMD products. IBM makes G5 CPUs for Apple Macs. Sun Microsystems makes its own CPUs and builds servers and workstations (for business & graphic design) around them.
for non-PC products, i think Motorola is a pretty huge supplier of CPUs for things like cellphones, video games, cars, appliances, etc. they were formerly IBM's partner in the design/manufacture of Apple Mac CPUs.
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